Abstract The present study aims to describe and explore the preparation of Ecuadorian police personnel to respond to cybercrime, for which a survey was applied whose data was used to analyze the frequency of participation in training focused on cybercrime, their level of individual and organizational confidence to respond to this type of crime; and the perception of how to improve their response to these facts. This is followed by a review of existing research on the complexity of cybercrime investigations and police preparedness to respond to cyber incidents. Among the study's conclusions, it is suggested that Ecuadorian police officers may benefit from more excellent training in basic skills related to cybercrime.

Resumen El presente estudio pretende describir y explorar la preparación del personal policial ecuatoriano para responder al delito informático, para lo cual se aplicó una encuesta cuyos datos se utilizaron para analizar la frecuencia de participación en capacitaciones enfocadas a delitos informáticos; su nivel de confianza individual y organizacional para responder a este tipo de delito; y, la percepción sobre cómo mejorar su respuesta ante estos hechos. Se realizó una revisión de las investigaciones existentes sobre la complejidad de las investigaciones de delitos informáticos y la preparación policial para responder a los incidentes informáticos. Entre las conclusiones del estudio se sugiere que los policías ecuatorianos pueden beneficiarse de una mayor capacitación en habilidades básicas relacionadas con el delito informático.

Abstract Newborn screening for the detection of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and other disorders is a public health initiative aimed at identifying specific diseases in a timely manner. Mexico initiated newborn screening in 1973, but the national incidence of this group of diseases is unknown or uncertain due to the lack of large sample sizes of expanded newborn screening (ENS) programs and lack of related publications. The incidence of a specific group of IEM, endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and other disorders in newborns was obtained from a Mexican hospital. These newborns were part of a comprehensive ENS program at Ginequito (a private hospital in Mexico), from January 2012 to August 2014. The retrospective study included the examination of 10 000 newborns’ results obtained from the ENS program (comprising the possible detection of more than 50 screened disorders). The findings were the following: 34 newborns were confirmed with an IEM, endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, or other disorders and 68 were identified as carriers. Consequently, the estimated global incidence for those disorders was 3.4 in 1000 newborns; and the carrier prevalence was 6.8 in 1000. Moreover, a 0.04% false-positive rate was unveiled as soon as diagnostic testing revealed negative results. The most frequent diagnosis was glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; and in the case of carriers, it was hemoglobinopathies. The benefit of the ENS is clear as it offers prompt treatment on the basis of an early diagnosis including proper genetic counseling. Furthermore, these results provide a good estimation of the frequencies of different forms of newborn IEM, endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and other disorders at Ginequito.

Background: during recent years consistent studies have characterized the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition and the appearance of non-communicable diseases in adulthood like metabolic syndrome (MS). Aim: to analyze the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition during the first 1 000 days of life and the MS in a cohort of adults from Curicó, Chile. Material and methods: we studied 49 young adults who had suffered moderate to severe protein-calorie malnutrition during their first two years of life. Anthropometry, blood pressure measurement and laboratory tests were performed, and the burden of MS attributes was determined. Results: the prevalence of MS was 14.3% with no significant differences by gender, showing a direct and significant association between burden of MS and body mass index, waist / height index, blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose and triglyceride, and an inverse association with HDL. Conclusion: systolic blood pressure and plasma level of triglyceride represented the most important risk factors for SM in this cohort. We found no association between the presence of protein-calorie malnutrition and MS.

Introducción: estudios consistentes durante los últimos años han caracterizado la relación entre la desnutrición calórico-proteica (DCP) y el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles en la adultez, como el Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Objetivo: analizar la relación entre SM en la adultez y la DCP durante los primeros 1.000 días de vida en una cohorte de adultos recientemente generada en Curicó, Chile. Material y métodos: se analizaron 49 sujetos adultos jóvenes que durante sus primeros dos años de vida sufrieron desnutrición calórico-proteica moderada a severa mediante la realización de antropometría, medición de la presión arterial y exámenes de laboratorio. Se determinó la prevalencia del SM y la carga de sus atributos. Resultados: se obtuvo una prevalencia de SM del 14,3% sin diferencias significativas por género, con una asociación directa y notable entre la carga de SM, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice cintura/talla, presión arterial y niveles plasmáticos de glicemia y triglicéridos (TG), y una asociación inversa con colesterol HDL. Conclusión: la presión arterial sistólica y el valor plasmático de TG representaron los factores de riesgo más importantes del SM en esta cohorte. No se encontró asociación entre la DCP en los 1.000 primeros días de vida y el SM en la adultez.